SUBJECT: AJCN Dec 2013
PREGNANCY: For healthy full-term infants, breast milk is an appropriate standard for virtually all nutrients. In contrast, guidelines for infants who are not healthy, and infants who are born preterm, are much more tenuous.
There is a substantial demand for choline during late pregnancy – The enhanced use of choline for PC production via both the CDP-choline and PEMT pathways shows the substantial demand for choline during late pregnancy. Food sources for choline
Maternal DHA (from fish oil) increases offsprings IQ – These results support the positive role of maternal arachidonic acid and DHA on fetal neural development, although the effects on child IQ by 8 y of age were small (0.1 SD), with other factors contributing more substantially.
OBESITY: Sugar is major trigger to obesity – Results imply that sugar more effectively recruits reward and gustatory regions, suggesting that policy, prevention, and treatment interventions should prioritize reductions in sugar intake.
Post-natal high omega-3/low omega-6 diet reduces lifetime obesity – Exposure to a postnatal diet with low dietary omega-6 (n−6) or high omega-3 (n−3) fatty acid (FA) content resulted in reduced body fat accumulation when challenged with a moderate Western-style diet (WSD) beginning in adolescence. Although the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated, our data indicate that the quality of dietary FA during postnatal life affects the development of the central regulatory circuits that control energy balance and may do so through a leptin-independent mechanism.
Lack of sleep promotes obesity – Short compared with habitual sleep is associated with an increased 24-h EE of ∼92 kcal (∼5%)—lower than the increased energy intake observed in prior sleep-curtailment studies. This finding supports the hypothesis that short sleep may predispose to weight gain as a result of an increase in energy intake that is beyond the modest energy costs associated with prolonged nocturnal wakefulness.
DISEASE: No fours diet increases cardiovascular fitness – The meat dietary pattern was negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in whites but not blacks.
Chronic aspirin intake may reduce vitamin B6 levels – To our knowledge, we show novel findings that long-term physiologic doses of cyclooxygenase inhibitor may impede the synthesis of the coenzymatically active form of vitamin B-6. Vitamin B-6 status should be carefully monitored in long-term NSAID users.
Soy consumption lowers risk of breast cancer.
A plant-based diet lowers risk of breast cancer.
Quantity is more important than variety of fruit and vegetable intake to lower risk of heart disease – Those in the highest quintile of fruit and vegetable intake had a 17% lower risk of coronary heart disease.
Low-grade inflammation from [four legged meat-based] diet contributes to diabetes – New Year’s resolution – The no-fours diet! Diet may be associated with the development of type 2 diabetes through its effects on low-grade inflammation. The significant mediating role of low-grade inflammation in the association between the adapted dietary inflammatory index and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance suggests that inflammation might be one of the pathways through which diet affects insulin resistance. DETAILS: Inflammatory dietary items include energy, fats except omega-3, and carbs.
Roc Ordman
