Beta-hydroxybutyrate

Association between ß-Hydroxybutyrate Plasma Concentrations after Hypocaloric Ketogenic Diets and Changes in Body Composition. Early studies show that ketogenic diets (KDs) lead to preferential loss of fat mass (FM), whereas preserving fat-free mass (FFM). The higher the level of ketosis, the greater the weight and FM loss.

Another important way to reduce/prevent osteoarthritis. Systemic
β-Hydroxybutyrate can be increased either through a ketogenic diet or
dietary supplementation. Senescence chondrocytes play an important role in Osteoarthritis progression. BHB alleviate the chondrocytes senescence under oxidative stress.

“β-Hydroxybutyrate alleviates cartilage senescence through hnRNP A1-mediated up-regulation of PTEN” Experimental Gerontology Volume 175, May 2023. Senescence chondrocytes play an important role in Osteoarthritis (OA) progression. However, alleviating OA progression through senescent chondrocyte intervention still faces great challenges. β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) exhibits anti-senescence effects in a variety of age-related diseases. This study provided evidence that BHB mitigated chondrocyte senescence and delayed OA, and could thus be used as a novel therapeutic approach for osteoarthritis treatment.

The accumulation of senescent cells is a characteristic of aging and a key pathological mechanism of age-related disease  (Baker et al., 2016; Johmura et al., 2021). Cellular senescence is a state of stable and terminal growth stagnation, which is characterized by changes in the metabolism, morphology, and physiology of cells under various stresses (Di Micco et al., 2021; Coryell et al., 2021; López-Otín et al., 2013). In contrast to programmed cell death, senescent cells can exist in tissues for a long time, releasing a range of harmful pro-inflammatory molecules, which define the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in the surrounding microenvironment (Anerillas et al., 2022; Basisty et al., 2020).